How The Rich Benefit From The Poor Essays (5454 words) -

How The Rich Benefit From The Poor How the Rich Benefit From the Poor The United States is the most developed capitalist economy in the world. The markets within the economy provide profit-motivated companies endless potential in the pursuance of pecuniary accumulation. Throughout the twentieth-century competitive companies have implemented modernized managerial procedures designed to raise profits by reducing unnecessary costs. These cost-saving procedures have had a substantial effect on society and particularly members of the working class. Managers and owners of these competitive and self-motivated companies have consistently worked throughout this century to exploit the most controllable component of the production process: the worker. The worker has been forced by the influence of powerful and affluent business owners to work in conditions hazardous to their well being in addition to preposterously menial compensation. It was the masterful manipulation of society and legislation through strategic objectives that the low-wage workers were coerced into this position of destitute. The strategies of the affluent fragment of society were conceived for the selfish purpose of monetary gain. The campaigns to augment the business position within the capitalist economy were designed to weaken organized labor, reduce corporate costs, gain legislative control and reduce international competition at the expense of the working class. The owners have gained and continue to gain considerable wealth from these strategies. To understand why the owners of the powerful companies operate in such a selfish manner, we must look at particular fundamentals of both capitalism and corporation strategy. Once these rudiments are understood, we will more clearly relate the perspective of the profit-seeking corporations of America. Legal discussion will also be included to show how the capital possessing elite operate through political parties to achieve their financial objectives. It is the synergist effect of these nu merous strategies that have lead to the widening income gap in America, persistent attempts of contraction in workers rights and increased corporate political influence. These campaigns have come at an expense to Americans and will only continue to benefit the affluent society. Creating Corporate Value The United States is a capitalist economy. In a capitalist economy individuals who wish to gain wealth can invest their capital into markets in hopes of future returns. If this investment gains in value then the investor has earned a return, which can be reinvested. This creates a cycle of investing and reinvesting for potential future return. This wealth creating cycle is a fairly simple concept to understand, but wealthy individuals have learned to fabricate this cycle into different situations. A common form of investment is purchasing and selling of corporate stocks. The stock market works like all markets on the fundamental theory of supply and demand. The more demand for a stock the higher it is valued and conversely the less demand the less it is valued. Corporations are legal entities which issue stock to investors who purchase them and become shareholders of the company. The risk taken by investors is that when they buy stocks it is possible that the individual company will not do well, or that stock prices will generally weaken. At worst, it is possible to lose entire investments, but no more then that. Therefor, shareholders of a corporation are not responsible for corporate debts. So, a corporation would be a very attractive type of investment for potential investors to consider. Corporations compete against each other in markets in the United States and around the world. These corporations have employees who perform various functions that contribute to successful strategic goal completion. Corporations often will offer stock incentive plans strategically to employees in positions of importance. The enticement to employees is to work in a manner that will increase the value of the company and their shares of stock. These incentive plans were strategically developed by major shareholders because the corporate executives felt that people would be motivated to increase their own wealth. Most employees are motivated by money and will work harder when the chance is given for more money. The very nature of this strategy consolidates all the employees to act as one self-motivated entity in the pursuit of monetary accumulation. In Piven and Clowards Regulating the Poor, this point is illustrated: Capitalism, however, relies primarily upon

Paper 5

Paper 5 Paper 5 Sarah Goodman Ms. Redden ENG W233-12 11 November 2014 Stress With College Students â€Å"How am I going to get all of this homework and studying done by Tuesday?† I said to my freshman-self as I sat at my cluttered desk on a Friday night after finishing a shift at work. I felt so inexperienced and immature. â€Å"I won’t always feel like this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I thought while looking at five assignment sheets at once, â€Å"surely I will get used to this workload eventually.† Little did I know I would experience this same overwhelming feeling of stress that filled me in my first year of college, almost every day of my college career. The type of question I asked myself that night is one that I still often find myself asking throughout the span of each passing semester. Constant thoughts of assignments, exams, work schedules, countless deadlines, and not to mention, when I plan to sleep, fill my mind every minute of every day. I felt, and still frequently feel, so overpowered by negative emotions regarding all of the responsibilities that come with being a successful college student. I am not alone with these negative feelings toward stress. Among most college students that I know and have been in contact with, all say that they endur e tremendous amounts of stress that are related to their college careers. Most times, this stressful feeling that students experience is the result of factors such as, overcrowded schedules due to work and classes, as well as all of the work that must be completed in order to do well in college courses. For most college students, stress is something that is inevitable and is difficult to treat or overcome. Today, more and more students attend college universities and with this, arises a significant increase in stress among this generation of college attendees. With today’s college students being plunged into very intellectually and physically demanding courses, majors, and classroom atmospheres, stress has become a common idea that is associated with everyday college student life. When facing this ongoing stress almost everyday, students do not often realize the negative effects that can influence them mentally and physically. While students do not always consider these adverse consequences, they still exist, and have been researched widely by many concerned academics and specialists. The past research done on this topic has shown that stress and its negative effects are both increasing problems among college students and the means of treatment for stress are widespread and still significantly unused. Although research has touched on many elements of stress with college students, not all results stemming from the research is clear in answering certain questions. Can college students actually treat their stress? What are the best ways to treat stress for college students? Can college students turn stressful factors into positive ones? Do different demographics of people including gender, age, and race; have different ways of treating stress? In this generation of students, the issue of stress and its negative effects is relevant to everyone attending college and to the families and friends of those attending college. These unfavorable outcome s can considerably impact students’ overall health and wellbeing. It is important for everyone to be aware of the increasing problem of stress in college student lives and how the negative effects of it may impact their health. In order to actively support and improve the health and knowledge of college students, this issue must be considered. There are several key terms that will be used throughout this argument that have a specific meaning linked to the topic of stress. Stressors are closely related to the negative aspects of stress in that they are all of the people, things, and situations that cause one’s stress and the negative effects from it. Stressors can vary from things such as schoolwork, relationships, jobs, and pressure to do well. Coping

Dorothy Parker, The Waltz Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dorothy Parker, The Waltz - Research Paper Example She reveals the reality of the treatment of women by men and shows how they were trapped in a male-dominated society during the twentieth century. It is an autobiographical account of her experience which involved sexism and how she conforms to the expectations of the society. The opening lines express the relationship between man and woman which is that of hatred yet there is a sense of dependence both inherent and induced through social pressure. In response to a simple question â€Å"would you like to dance?† a woman is often heard to reply in the affirmative. However the opening lines tell the reader that the female character is unwilling to do so. In fact her sentiments are so strong that it appears that she is completely frustrated with the cliched gestures that women show towards men as a weaker sex: â€Å"I don’t want to dance with him. I don’t want to dance with anybody. And even if I did, it wouldn’t be with him. He'd be well among the last ten. I've seen the way he dances. Just think, not a quarter of an hour ago, here I was sitting, feeling so sorry the poor girl he was dancing with. and now I'm going to be that poor girl.† (Parker 1942) As one reads on through the story he realizes that it is rather a satirical parody of women’s attitude towards men. ... The monologue, through which the entire story is narrated, is a true expression of the speaker which is not only outright but also comforting. The language used is very concrete and feminine. It not only parodies the feminine language but also the masculine aspect of it making it all the more interesting. The rhetorical question that the story poses is about the possible response a female can give to a man who is offering her to dance with him (Pettit 241). For Parker, being smart and cute were the only two available attitudes for her as a woman in the early twentieth century. This shows that the story has a quasi-autobiographical discourse. The way she incorporates the textual environment of the early 1930s is a remarkable achievement of the author who accepted and resisted using the language of popular literature in all her works. The complex parodic paradigm of the use of language in the short fiction is an aspect which drives more attention to the story than just its appearance i n a particular magazine in a particular time period (Bennett112). The question â€Å"would you like to dance?† is a unique speech act which lies somewhere between a command and a genuine question. The face value of this question is a freedom of choice for the women but it is the situation where she is asked that she is compelled to reply in affirmative even if she does not want to. She does have the freedom to decline but she is also elated by the fact that someone at least asked her. The story suggests that women find an agency through humor and the speech-act that it allows is a limited agency. Parker combines and represents the words of the women which allows for them to share the humor which leads to a

Quality Leadership and the Technology Manager Research Paper

Quality Leadership and the Technology Manager - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that  technology Management refers to a class of management principles that permit organizations to have control of their technological essentials to dictate competitive power. Typical ideas exercised in technology control normally follow as technology plans – a sense or task of technology within an organization. The other ideas follow as technology forecasting. This refers to noting of probable appropriate technologies for an organization, possibly through technology inspection. The second idea follows as technology road mapping; this means mapping technologies to businesses plus market requirements. Technology project portfolio falls as the third idea; it refers to a set of projects under expansion.  This report  will explain in details the materials used in research. The research used seven sources to come up with its findings. Below follows a detailed review of the seven sources of the research material. Quality management: creating an d sustaining organizational effectiveness stands as the leading book in the research. The author named Donna Summers compares a business to a kaleidoscope. He says that destructing the nature of the patterns of a kaleidoscope mirrors will only form a new pattern. This links to a business in the logic that managers set patterns to bring achievement and if a destruction or failure occurs it means that new pattern is formed. The second book talks about the fundamental values of total quality and stress on high performing management practices. It gives examples of wealthy existing leading organizations throughout the globe. The writing portrays quality as it emphasizes the practical aspects of managerial focus and relevant technical topics. The book covers most of the knowledge needed for management certification. It stands as everything managements would require, at the present and throughout their operations, this will make sure quality management comes to succeed. The third writing, authored by Robert Emerson referrers to as Business Law; the book written in Barron's Business Review Series focuses on the significances of legal assumptions in the day to day business sector, referring to such topics as tort responsibility, government policy, contracts, ecological law, product accountability, consumer protection, and international law, among many other subjects. Also, discussed in details are the legal aspects of franchises, partnership and corporations, and exceptional topics that comprise of business misdemeanors, property as a lawful concept, rational property, plus similar, relevant topics. The book c

A comparative analysis of international business environment in china Essay

A comparative analysis of international business environment in china and russia to determine which of these countries is in better position to succeed in the new global economy - Essay Example In light of this, globalization refers to the progression towards unifying business interactions across the global platform as opposed to within a given country or organization’s locality. It is the framework upon which international business is structured, and is the direction that business transactions are taking in recent times. However, there are various conditions that define the international business environment, and as such, this affects the success rates of various nations in succeeding in the new global economy. To this end, a comparative evaluation between Russia and China can highlight their viability in the new global economy. As such, Russia stands a better chance of succeeding in the international business environment and being the future of the new global economy when analyzed against China. For a start, Russia’s foray into the international platform started with its rich history as highlighted by its supremacy during the cold war. The cold war was a period of military and power tussle between the countries of the eastern and western blocks after the end of the 2nd World War (Bellacqua 2010, p. 99). The Western Bloc was largely represented by the United States while the Eastern Bloc was represented by Russia, then known as the USSR, and its allies. The cold war was largely psychological and never developed into a full-blown war. However, by being part of it, Russia gained a lot of exposure and experience in worldly relations and overall familiarity with international participation in matters of both national and international interest (Levin 2008, p. 154). As such, this gives it a much needed head start in being a globalization and international business powerhouse, as it has better experience in international relations. In order to succeed in globalization, inte rnational relations is of particularly significant importance as international business involved relations between nations and regions in

Huge Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Teenager

Huge Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Teenager Abstract Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare benign neoplasm. The huge IMT of chest is even rarely observed and there is few literatures described the disease. Case presentation: A 17-year-old girl who suffered from a dry cough with right chest pain. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a huge heterogeneous mass with calcified plaques. A surgical management strategy was successfully undertaken. Increasing physician awareness of this entity should facilitate recognition of its clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. Conclusions: This case suggests that a rarely huge and surgically treated IMT in a teenager and concerned with the radioclinical, histopathological, therapeutic aspects of this disease. Keywords Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, Lung, Surgery Background Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare benign tumor that often affects children. It has been first described by Brunn in 1939 [1] and it accounts for 0.71% of all lung tumors. [2, 3]. The origin of the IMT is unknown, but recent studies have shown that it is a true tumor rather than a reaction process [4]. Different terms used to describe IMT include inflammatory pseudotumor, cellular inflammatory pseudotumor, plasma cell granuloma and inflammatory fibrosarcoma. This lesion consists of inflammatory cells and myofibroblastic spindle cells [5, 6]. We report a case with a rarely huge and surgically treated IMT in a teenager and concerned with the radioclinical, histopathological, therapeutic aspects of this disease. Case presentation A 17-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with a 15 days history of right chest and cough without sputum. She denied the following symptoms including the presence ofhoarseness, hemoptysis, anddyspnea. Her medical history and family history were uneventful. Physical examination revealed normal breath sounds in both of the lung fields. The results of laboratory examinations, including arterial blood gases, hematology tests and biochemistry tests, were within normal limits. Her Pulmonary function tests and cardiovascular examination revealed normal performance. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) showed an 18Ãâ€"16Ãâ€"15 cm heterogeneous mass with calcified plaques invading the entire right hemithorax and mediastinal shift to the left (Fig 1A, 1B). However, the patient refused to have the bronchoscopic examination and fine-needle biopsy of the mass. As diagnosis was not established through imaging, surgery was scheduled. Under general anesthesia with selective intub ation, a huge mass (measuring 20Ãâ€"17Ãâ€"17 cm and weighing 2010g) with inferior vena cava and right pericardium invasion was found and the right middle and lower lobes bronchus appeared encased by the mass. At last, the neoplasm was completely excised. The patient underwent a right middle and lower lobectomy, inferior vena cava angioplasty and partial resection of pericardium. Mediastinal lymph node dissection was also accomplished. The feeding vessels of the mass were ligated and the mass was removed without tumor spillage or capsular injury. After that, reexpansion of the right upper lobe was observed and a chest tube was placed to drain the pleural cavity. A postoperative roentgenogram of the chest showed that the mediastinum had returned to its normal position and the right lung was well expanded. Microscopic examination revealed a proliferation of regular spindle cells arrayed in fascicles, admixed with lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. Additional immunohistochemis try with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-1 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) revealed positive and the translocation of the ALK gene was found by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). The results for desmin, S-100, CD99, CD34, Myogenin, EMA and pankeratin were negative. Ki-67 proliferative activity was 8%. Based on these data, the diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was retained. Histologic diagnosis showed a negative bronchial margin and lymph nodes free of malignancy. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery and was followed up for two months without evidence of recurrence to date. Conclusions Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare massforming lesion characterized by fibroblastic or myofibroblastic spindle cell proliferation with varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified IMT as a distinct entity in 1994 [7]. However, the huge inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of chest is even rarely observed and there is few literatures described the disease (Table). The cause of IMT tumors is unclear, but an immunological response to an infectious agent or noninfectious agent remains possible [8]. Whereas some reporters demonstrated that IMT tumors are true neoplasms and some believe the IMT tumors to be a low-grade sarcoma with inflammatory cells as it has a potential for local recurrence, infiltration, multicentricity, and rarely metastases [9]. Also, ALK positivity is detected in 36% to 60% of cases and the presence of chromosomal aberrations in these tumors suggests that IMT is a neoplastic proliferation of clonal or igin [10]. In our case, there was no evidence of infection or inflammatory response and no history of trauma in her chest. The tumor was single and circumscribed, and movable. The IMT affects both sexes, at any ages, with a slight predominance in children and young adults [4, 11]. Most patients are asymptomatic and the tumor is discovered incidentally on a chest X-ray performed for another reason [4, 11].From the table, all of the four patients were young adults and were referred to the hospital with a common symptom of cough. In our patient, the tumor was discovered at an early age and the only symptoms were dry cough and right chest pain. Radiological aspects are capricious. Chest radiographs are the most generally performed imaging study to evaluate the neoplasm. Most patients have a mass or a pulmonary nodule, generally measuring 1 to 6 cm in diameter [12]. On CT scans, these tumors shows typically heterogenous attenuating enhancement [6]. Sometimes the tumor can extend towards the hilum, mediastinum, pleura or diaphragm [1, 3]. As recorded in the table, all the sizes of masses were huge and two of them were observed the invasion of the mediastinal or the chest wall. There is also a word of caution in our case that the representative calcifications were observed in the centure of heterogeneous mass and it invaded the inferior vena cava and right pericardium. Microscopically the IMT tumor consists of spindle shaped cells that are mixed with a chronic inflammatory component that consists of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and occasional histiocytes. Immunohistochemistry for ALK discovered cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosome 2p23 is relatively specific for IMF tumor among the spectrum of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic tumors and other potential mesenchymal mimics of IMF tumor [13]. The recent WHO classification of soft tissue tumors recognizes 3 basic variants of IMT: (1) loosely organized myofibroblasts in an edematous myxoid background with plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and blood vessels, resembling nodular fasciitis; (2) dense aggregates of spindle cells arrayed in a variable myxoid and collagenized background and admixed with a distinctive inflammatory infiltrate, diffuse clusters of plasma cells, and lymphoid nodules, resembling fibrous histiocytoma or fibromatosis; and (3) collagen sheets with scattered plasma cells and eosinop hils resembling a scar or desmoid tumor [14]. The differential diagnosis of IMT is follicular dendritic cell tumor and inflammatory pseudotumor. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), which was first reported by Monda et al. in 1986, is a rare neoplastic proliferation that exhibits the morphological and immunophenotypic features of FDCS that are among the accessory cells of the lymphoid system. The tumor cells exhibited positive immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, CD21 and CD35 as well as negative staining for ALK-1 and SMA. Inflammatory pseudotumors are benign tumors commonly found in the lung and they are characterized by proliferation of spindle cells (fibroblasts and myoblasts), with variable numbers of mitoses, and inflammatory cells infiltration, particularly plasma cells. More recently, the presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK 1) staining in some cases has been postulated to be of value in the confirmation of IMT and in its distinction from other entities. A series of studies found the translocation of th e ALK gene by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in IMT (16). In our case, the mass was spindle cell lesion with severe atypism and some mitosis. As shown in Fig 2 (A, B, C), ganglion-like cells were present and the immunohistochemistry result for ALK-1 shows strong positivity of tumor cytoplasm and translocation of the ALK gene. Based on these findings, her tumor may be very aggressive. Despite IMT is a benign tumor, it is considered by some authors as a low grade tumor because of malignant features such as local invasiveness, recurrence or malignant transformation. Complete surgical resection is the appropriate treatment for IMT. Cerfolio and colleagues reported an excellent prognosis in patients undergoing complete resection of pulmonary IMT, with a 5-year survival rate of 91.3%. However, a 60% recurrence rate in those receiving incomplete resection has been reported in the same study [15]. Corticosteroid monotherapy may result in rapid resolution of the disease and sustained remission (17, 18). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) as solitary therapy may be extremely efficacious and anecdotal response to chemotherapy has also been reported (19). As the literature reviewed in the table, three patients had the operations by a standard posterolateral thoracotomy. Among them, two patients had the lobectomy and the other had the complete resection with two through fourth ribs. The patient whose neoplasm invaded superior vena cava, heart atrium and right pulmonary vein underwent chemotherapy with bleomicin, etoposide and cisplatin. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the tumorslightly reduced in size and the patient only survived for 12 months. In summary, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign tumor. Because of its local invasiveness and its tendency to recur, IMT tumor can be confused with malignant lesions. Because the treatment of IMT tumor is conservative surgery, preoperative recognition is important to avoid radiation therapy, and intensive multi-agent chemotherapy that would be appropriate treatments for soft tissue sarcomas. Clinical and radiological presentation is variable and nonspecific and the diagnosis is rarely made before chirurgical management. Also, because the tumor with cellular atypia, ganglion-like cells, ALK and SMA reactivity has a more aggressive clinical behavior, a careful follow-up is required. Figure legend Figure 1: CT features of the case. A and B: Contrast-enhanced CT showed a huge heterogeneous mass with calcified plaques. Figure 2: Histological and immunoistochemical features. A: Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrating spindle cells sprinkled, with a predominance of plasma cells and lymphocytes. (X400) B: Immunohistochemical staining showing strong reactivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-1(X400) C: Immunohistochemical staining showing strong reactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) (X400) 1

Telecommunication :: essays research papers

Fuzzy Sets and Systems Lotfi A. Zadeh, The founder of fuzzy logic comp.ai.fuzzy New fuzzy archive by thread. Fuzzy Logic Tools and Companies. General sources of fuzzy information. Maintained by Bob John. Conferences and Workshops on Fuzzy Systems: 1990-2001 From the Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory of the Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece World Federation on Soft Computing Artificial Intelligence-related Frequently Asked Questions Professional Organizations and Networks International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA) IFSA is a worldwide organization dedicated to the support and development of the theory of fuzzy sets and systems and related areas and their applications, publishes the International Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, holds International conferences, establishes chapters and sponsors other activities. Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems (SOFT) Established in 1989. SOFT has 1,670 individual members and 74 company members, publishes an official bimonthly journal and organizes fuzzy systems symposiums. There are 8 regional branches and 8 research groups in SOFT. Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC) BISC Program is the world-leading center for basic and applied research in soft computing. The principal constituents of soft computing (SC) are fuzzy logic (FL), neural network theory (NN) and probabilistic reasoning (PR), with the latter subsuming belief networks, evolutionary computing including DNA computing, chaos theory and parts of learning theory. North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) As the premier fuzzy society in North America established in 1981, our purpose is to help guide and encourage the development of fuzzy sets and related technologies for the benefit of mankind. Please mail questions/comments to the NAFIPS president (president@nafips.org) or to the NAFIPS web site maintainer (webmaster@nafips.org). Spanish Association of Fuzzy Logic and Technologies Promotes and disseminates the methods, techniques and developments of Fuzzy Logic and Technologies; Establish relations with other national or international Associations with similar aims; Organizes seminars and round tables on Fuzzy Logic and Technologies. Fuzzy Research Groups in Spain. The European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) Established in 1998. The main goal of EUSFLAT are to represent the European fuzzy community of IFSA. To become a member of EUSFLAT please fill in the registration form. Hungarian Fuzzy Society Established in 1998. Honorary president: Tibor VÃ ¡mos. President: Imre Rudas. EUROFUSE Working Group on Fuzzy Sets of EURO Established in 1975. The purpose of EUROFUSE is to communicate and promote the knowledge of the theory of fuzzy sets and related areas and their applications. Telecommunication :: essays research papers Fuzzy Sets and Systems Lotfi A. Zadeh, The founder of fuzzy logic comp.ai.fuzzy New fuzzy archive by thread. Fuzzy Logic Tools and Companies. General sources of fuzzy information. Maintained by Bob John. Conferences and Workshops on Fuzzy Systems: 1990-2001 From the Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory of the Department of Applied Informatics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece World Federation on Soft Computing Artificial Intelligence-related Frequently Asked Questions Professional Organizations and Networks International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA) IFSA is a worldwide organization dedicated to the support and development of the theory of fuzzy sets and systems and related areas and their applications, publishes the International Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, holds International conferences, establishes chapters and sponsors other activities. Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Systems (SOFT) Established in 1989. SOFT has 1,670 individual members and 74 company members, publishes an official bimonthly journal and organizes fuzzy systems symposiums. There are 8 regional branches and 8 research groups in SOFT. Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC) BISC Program is the world-leading center for basic and applied research in soft computing. The principal constituents of soft computing (SC) are fuzzy logic (FL), neural network theory (NN) and probabilistic reasoning (PR), with the latter subsuming belief networks, evolutionary computing including DNA computing, chaos theory and parts of learning theory. North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) As the premier fuzzy society in North America established in 1981, our purpose is to help guide and encourage the development of fuzzy sets and related technologies for the benefit of mankind. Please mail questions/comments to the NAFIPS president (president@nafips.org) or to the NAFIPS web site maintainer (webmaster@nafips.org). Spanish Association of Fuzzy Logic and Technologies Promotes and disseminates the methods, techniques and developments of Fuzzy Logic and Technologies; Establish relations with other national or international Associations with similar aims; Organizes seminars and round tables on Fuzzy Logic and Technologies. Fuzzy Research Groups in Spain. The European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology (EUSFLAT) Established in 1998. The main goal of EUSFLAT are to represent the European fuzzy community of IFSA. To become a member of EUSFLAT please fill in the registration form. Hungarian Fuzzy Society Established in 1998. Honorary president: Tibor VÃ ¡mos. President: Imre Rudas. EUROFUSE Working Group on Fuzzy Sets of EURO Established in 1975. The purpose of EUROFUSE is to communicate and promote the knowledge of the theory of fuzzy sets and related areas and their applications.

Human sexuality Essay

Psychology illustrates love as a cognitive and social phenomenon of feeling of intimacy. According to Robert Sternberg devised a triangular theory love and claimed that love has three constituents’ commitment, intimacy and passion. Intimacy is a form through which two individuals share self-assurances and various aspects of their personal lives and is normally portrayed in friendships and romantic love affairs. Commitment is the expectation that the love will be enduring. Passionate love is shown through infatuation and sexual attraction together with romantic love. All forms of love differ with regard to passion, commitment and intimacy. Psychology holds that in love there is attachment, bonds, ties and affinity. Biological representation of love perceives love as a mammalian drive similar to thirst. Biologists view love as influenced by hormones like oxytocin, pheromones and neutrophins and the thoughts and behavior of individuals regarding love. The conservative perception in bilgy regarding love n that there are two major drives in love attachment and sexual attraction. Attachment between grown-up is assumed t work on the same principles that make an infant to get attached to the mother. Lust is the early passionate seal desire which encourages mating and entails increased release of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. Attraction is the more personalized and romantic desire to a particular for mating that develops through lust as a commitment to a person mate forms. Present neural studies have shown that when individuals fall in love, the brain constantly discharges a particular set of chemicals such as dopamine, serotonin, pheromones, and norepinephrine that work in the same way as amphetamines. This stimulates the brain enjoyment center resulting to side effects which include; lack of sleep, increased heart rate, and loss of appetite and intense feeling of anticipation. Since last and attraction are only temporary attachment is the next stage that endorses the relationship to last longer based on commitments to marriage and child bearing. Attachment is associated with high proportion production of oxytocin and vasopressin. There are also high levels of nerve growth factor when individuals fall in love. Christian understanding regarding love is that love originates from God. Christian’s theologians perceive God as the ultimate source of love which is reflected in human beings and their own loving associations. Two connotations of love in Christian faith are agape love which defines selfless, humane, charitable and unconditional love. It is this love that was demonstrated in parental love, and viewed in creating the world, it trough this love God demonstrates his love for humankind and is the same love which Christian desire for one another. Phileo is the human love to something wonderful also known as brotherly love. Christians consider that people should Love God will all their heart, mind, and strength and love their neighbor as they love themselves as the greatest commandment.

Effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care Essays

Effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care Essays Effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care Paper Effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care Paper In this assessment I am going to demonstrate an understanding of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care. I am also going to talk about the types of communication i.e. formal and informal and also what is good or bad communication. One-to-one communication When starting a conversation with someone you have never met before, you should first try to start a positive atmosphere with the right kind of feeling. It is also very important to create a positive emotional atmosphere so that the person can feel comfortable with you from the start so you can discuss complicated issues or give information. For example when I was working in the nursery I had to talk to the child that was crying because they didn’t want to leave they parents so I had a one to one conversation with him and I made sure that the child knew that I was happy with him and wanted him to come play with me and to stop crying by my facial expression and body language. I asked him a lot of open questions like ‘What did you do at the weekend? and How was you Christmas? He was talking back. He felt relaxed and happy which made him forget about his parents not being around. He was happy to speak to me and he felt like he was not alone. How a conversation could go Greeting or a warm up Conversation or information exchange Farewells or winding-down When you have got someone talking and relaxed you have created a good feeling. You can now start to talk about anything with them. Sometimes you can even start a personal conversation asking how their health and family are and talk about any problems they are going through. When the conversation is coming to a end you would want the person to want to talk to you again so you have to leave with the right kind of emotions. You could end it with a phrase like ‘see you soon’ which shows them that you enjoyed their company and would like to talk to them again and to also show that you value them. Group communication Group communication only works when everyone is involved. Some people are open but on the other hand some people are quiet and don’t like to talk so they feel threatened if their have to speak within a formal group of people so there might stay quiet because they are worried about people reactions, I was working in a youth club and I had to get the children talking about an activity the club wanted to do with them. It’s very important that everyone in the group feels included because that will bring the right atmosphere and my job was to hear what they wanted to do. The youths in the group often use humour or other friendly ways of behaving to create the right group feeling, this will encourages them to talk and get involved. Creating the right atmosphere involves ‘maintaining’ the group so this aspect of group communication is often called group maintenance. Group leader There are different type of groups sometimes you need a leader and other times you don’t, but the groups with the leader turn out to be more successful than those with out a leader. In meetings or classroom discussions you would find a leader or a chairman for example in the youth meeting I took with the youths I was the leader and because the discussion had a leader it was successful everyone new I was the leader as well so when I said you talk there talk and I made sure there was no trouble makers there. When talking or arguing with your friends you often don’t have a leader that’s why it’s often loud and get out of control. Having a leader is very useful because the leader can encourage people to say what they have to say and for people to speak one at a time. The leading also often encourages people to focus on a particular task within a group. See of signs and symbols In a working environment signs and symbols are everywhere because its one of the best way of communicating without saying anything instead putting a picture where everyone can see it. I am going to be talking about how effective signs and symbols are in a care setting environment. People from backgrounds ages and even race if you put a sign in front of them there would be able to tell you what the sign says. When I was working in a nursery there was a child who could not speak English so we had to teach her using signs and symbols. When we wanted to talk to her we used sign language and she could understand everything we were trying to say. In the nursery I was working in there was lots of signs everywhere because children like colours, signs and symbols these are normally in lots of different colours. There could be signs or a symbol for every word in for example This sign mean wash your hands after using the toilet. Sign language is used a lot even in a nursery because Written communication Written communication is the best way of remembering what you have been told for example when I started my work placement I was given an introduction package showing me where everything was and what the nursery was all about. I still use it even through I am working there. Written communication allows you to keep information for as long as you want. When we had staff meeting we would have a sheet that tell as what the meeting is about before the meeting start and the order the meeting is going to go. When something is written its also easier to understand when someone is saying it because you can read it as much times as you want where us if someone is saying it and you miss what there said you would have to ask to say it again and if you keep asking then the person will be angry with you. In class when we are set work the teacher will tell us to write down or take notes on what he is saying so that when we are doing it alone we would know what to write and how to do it. In the nursery I was working in I had to do an activity with the children so I done a written activity where there are going to learn how to write and spell there names it was very successful because there got to take it home and learn it even more and now there all know how to spell there names and write it. Language (first language, dialect, slang, jargon) When it comes to language and communication it goes to ways because sometimes when you want to communicate with someone you have to speak in a language where there can understand you. Because different localities, ethnic groups and cultures all have their own way of communicating with each other and if you’re not from that group you would not be able to understand what there saying. The fact that you can’t understand what there saying some people are threatened or exclude by the kind of language they encounter in these speech communities however just using formal language will not solve this problem for example jargon is when complicated words are been used because the person and the phone is not going to understand so the communication with you and the person will be broken. People from different geographical areas also use different ways of speaking to each other for example there are words that is used in south east London that are not used in north London for example strap in south means gun straly in north also means gun this is called slang. Slang is non-standard words that are understood by other members of a speech community but which cannot usually be found in a dictionary. When I was working in my nursery I child came from France and not speak a word of English so it was hard to communicate with her so we had to teach her English using her language and mixing it will English so that she can learn. There was another case where a child has an older brother and the older brother speaks slang and the child picked it up and could understand so when I speak to the child I would use slang and the child could understand me more than any other teacher. It is very hard to communicate with someone if don’t speak there language because you would have to keep repeating yourself. According to the author and psychologist Steven Pinker (1994) estimated that there maybe about 600 languages in the world that are spoken by more than 100,000 people he also believe that there are many more minority languages. Some people grow up in multilingual communities where they learn several languages from birth. Where us children in the UK have grown up to only use one language to think and communicate with which is English. The people who learn second language later on in life often find that they cannot communicate their thoughts as effectively as they might have done using their first language. The first language that people have learned to think in usually becomes their preferred language. Non-verbal communication (posture, facial expression, touch, silence, proximity, reflective listening) From the first time you meet someone you usually be able to tell how there are feeling for example if there angry, tried, happy, sad and even frightened even if there haven’t said anything. You can usually guess what a person feels by studying their non-verbal communication. Non-verbal means with out word. We send this message using our eyes, the tone of our voice, facial expression, our hands and arms, gestures with our hands and arms, the hands and arm the angle of our head, and the way we sit To tell people what you‘re thinking of or how you are feeling. When I was working in nursery from the first moment I walked in the room where the kids was I new their characters just my the way their was sitting to listen to the story for example some children were next to the teacher listen to teacher does was the children I thought are good students and a child was trying to talk to the other and he said no. So from that moment I could just see who troubles are and who are not. From the moment I walked in I new the children that was happy to see and the ones that are not just by their facial expression and when I said hi the voice of their voice in the reply. I was talking to a member of staff and this child came up to me and put his hands out and I picked him up I didn’t even have to say anything for the child he just felt happy with me. The use of British sign language The British sign language is used in the UK and it’s the first preferred language of some deaf people. The language involves movement of the hands, body, face and head. Thousands of people who aren’t deaf also use British sign language for example if a person is angry and someone is asking them a question they might answer with a head nod. As hearing relatives of deaf people, sign language interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British deaf community Use of sign Its not only people who have a disability .i.e. deaf or blind use signs and signed languages to communicate as many people who have perfect hearing frequently use non-verbal communication techniques when your out socializing with friends and even out home. We all use sign language in fact it is probably used more often than we realise as sometime you are unaware that you are using forms of sign language to communicate. Variation between cultures Culture variations can have a big effect on the way people communicate non-verbally. For example actions that are not seen as offensive in your home country may be seen very offended to foreign countries. That’s why communication with people from different cultures is especially challenging. Cultures provide people with different ways of thinking, seeing things, hearing, and interpreting the world.

Histoty of the RMS Olympic

Histoty of the RMS Olympic RMS Olympic was the longest lived of the Olympic Class liners White Star Line constructed to compete with Cunard's Lusitania and Mauretania.While her sister ships Titanic and Britannic went to the bottom, Olympic prospered and even served her country in war time as a troopship, earning the nickname "Old Reliable" after proving herself unsinkable time after time.As is the case with ocean liners who manage to stay afloat, Olympic's sailing days eventually ended and she was sold off for scrap metal. Her memory lives on however in the pages of this site.RMS Olympic, in the course of her nearly 25 years at sea, earned the name "Old Reliable". Besides being cherished by her passengers and crew alike, Olympic proved herself time and time again to be a ship that could not be stopped or sunk. When World War I broke out in August 1914, Olympic remained in commercial service.RMS Olympic passes Nantucket Lightship 117 in earl...She once rescued the crew of a British battleship off the coast of I reland. The warship had struck a mine and was sinking fast.In September of 1915, the Royal Navy requisitioned her as a troop ship. She was painted in various colors and geometric shapes and refitted to carry more lifeboats and thousands of troops in a crossing. During her war service she survived four submarine attacks, turning one of them into an attack of her own as she turned on the enemy sub and rammed it. Although a glancing blow, with more than 46,000 tons of steel behind it, it was more than enough to sink the German submarine, forcing its crew to abandon ship. All told, Olympic transported more than 120,000 civilian and military personnel across the Atlantic and was, like so many liners drafted for war duty, instrumental in bringing the war to...

The Medici Collection and The Louvre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Medici Collection and The Louvre - Essay Example al languages have essentially three component parts, one of which is the direct use of signs and symbols in the form of objects and space while the other two, non-verbal communication such as gestures and body language and verbal communication such as speech and writing, can also be preserved somewhat in the objects that are left behind and can help in determining the culture from which the object originated. Because objects share a role in the interrelated social communication modes of a particular society, the interpretation of these objects may differ from one society to the next or even one time period to the next. The way in which it is interpreted can not only provide significant contextual clues to the society from which it was produced, but can also reflect the understanding of the society attempting to place the object within its correct contextual space. In addition, that exact same object, for example a specific vase, may take on different contextual meanings as it passes through time, originally used as a container for liquid, later taking on the ashes of a dearly departed relative and finally symbolizing perhaps a golden age in the progression of a nation. â€Å"[An object] can never convey one single message, uncorrected, unambiguous and unqualified. Different social perceptions, needs and changing attitudes will see to that.†2 The nature of the collection and the context in which the museum or collection places its artwork for display to the public can thus have a significant effect upon the interpretation and perceived value of the work. These ideas can be seen when comparing the extensive collection of a museum such as the Louvre to the eclectic and less organized Medici Collection. Until relatively recently, the concept of art museums in which great works of artistic merit were held in the name of the public trust was a foreign idea. However, the concept of collecting art as a means of personal gratification, cultural enrichment and

Explain what you understand by the term Securitisation and consider Essay

Explain what you understand by the term Securitisation and consider why a bank might choose to securitise some of its loans - Essay Example It ends up losing some cash flows or assets in return for the cash. This debt also not reflected in the bane sheet of the ultimate bower. Therefore, securitisation can be viewed as a method of disposing off a cash flows stream. Besides the impact on the borrower, securitisation benefits investors as well. It increases the variety of choices of investments available. The securities that are asset-backed by way of securitisation can be easily analysed since investors need only to undertake an evaluation of cash flows from a very small assets pool. This saves them from having to evaluate the entire complex business. The most commonly securitised assets are loans of a single kind or another type which when pooled becomes an investment of low risk. Also, it means that in the context of the issuer, it is often a borrowing way that’s very cheap. (Moneyterms.co.uk, 2009). This is a study set out to discuss this issue of securitisation and to this there will be a vivid answering of the questions â€Å"what is securitisation?† and â€Å"why do banks choose to securitise some of their loans?† Securitisation is an expression that has become more common in usage and it’s usually used the numerous mechanisms of transferring risks between the parties involved. It usually includes the description of the scale or disposal of risk assets in an absolute manner or the synthetic transfer of particular risk aspects. It is used in several contexts and among various parties who indulge in contracts. More comprehensively, it’s defined as the process via which receivables, loans or other relevant assets are put together. The cash flows that go with the assets and also the economic values deployed to aid payments of the securities related. The related securities are issued in both private and public markets by issuers or on their behalf, which use the process of securitisation to